In 2018, researchers at ETH Zurich under the direction of Professor Kristina Shea developed a new propulsion concept for swimming robots. The 3D printed polymer robot exploits temperature fluctuations ...

In this paper, we present an inverse design framework based on the finite element method (FEM) tailored for 4D printed structures capable of undergoing programmable, stimulus-responsive shape ...

The future of 4D printing is here—and now available for purchase at New York’s Patrick Parrish Gallery, where Swiss designer Christoph Guberan and the Self-Assembly Lab at MIT’s International Design ...

Skylar Tibbits Shares His Insights on the Biotechnology and Medical Applications of 4D Printing One of the most rapidly developing technologies that is already affecting a wide range of research and ...

As the field of design continues to grow and cross disciplines, Cranbrook Academy of Art has responded with the introduction of a new MFA program – 4D Design, led by innovative designer Carla Diana.

A Chinese research team has developed a single-step femtosecond laser 4D printing technology that enables rapid and precise micro-scale deformation of smart hydrogels. This innovation, inspired by the ...

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