Lyophilization is a complex operation used to prepare stable pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products through freeze-drying. During lyophilization, the water fraction of the product is reduced to ...
The general principle of lyophilization has hardly changed, but significant advances have occurred in process and product attribute understanding. Lyophilization is a well-established technique within ...
Experts share how to choose analytical tools and techniques when scaling up a lyophilization process. Lyophilization presents challenges in defining and accurately measuring critical process and ...
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