A recent advancement in minimally invasive spine surgery, unilateral biportal endoscopy integrates the principles of both ...

Objective To assess the costs and cost-effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) compared with open microdiscectomy among patients with sciatica. Methods This economic ...

This section describes safety outcomes from the published literature that the committee considered as part of the evidence about this procedure. For more detailed information on the evidence, see the ...

Lumbar disc herniation occurs when the nucleus pulposus of an intervertebral disc protrudes through a weakening or a tear in the surrounding annulus fibrosus. Symptoms include pain in the back or leg, ...