At the core of blockchain networks lies a fundamental architectural principle called layering. Layering in blockchain refers to organizing different functionalities and protocols into separate layers, ...

The technology provides secure remote access to a broad spectrum of applications and network resources Application-layer VPNs are generating lots of attention these days. Proponents cite the ...

image: A full prototype of PortLand, illustrated in Figure 1 from the paper, is currently running on a network in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at UC San Diego’s Jacobs School of ...

A new project called TON Applications Chain (TAC) is building a layer-2 network for the TON Blockchain ecosystem, known for its affiliation with the popular messaging app Telegram. The project, which ...

Application layer attacks have been with us since the first internet-facing applications. However, a recent survey showed 89% of respondents admitted to an application attack in the past year.

Base, a new layer 2 application-focused protocol by Coinbase, has just one criterion left to fulfill before being ready for mainnet launch. On June 29, the team said the Optimism-powered, ...

Application layer distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks almost doubled in the last quarter of 2017, according to the latest threat report from security firm Imperva. As well as increasing by 43 ...

A top-down exploration of networking using the 5-layer model and the TCP/IP stack. HTTP, FTP, DNS, BSD Sockets, concurrent servers, checksums, reliable transport with stop-and-wait, go-back-n, ...

Forward-looking: A new generation of exascale-class supercomputers is coming, and all these billion calculations will need to move a lot of data and fast. CPU and GPU technology is ready for the task, ...