THE behaviour of the kidney in relation to the electrolytes of the extracellular fluid is usually described in terms of two mechanisms operating to maintain the homceostatic state : (a) Regulation of ...

In the mammalian kidney renal medullary cells use organic osmolytes such as sorbitol, myo-inositol, glycerophosphorylcholine, betaine, and taurine to adjust their intracellular osmolarity (and thereby ...

Constancy of the milieu intérieur, defined by Claude Bernard in the late 1800s, is essential for terrestrial life. Sodium balance in humans is part and parcel of that environment and is maintained in ...