This paper develops a dynamic general equilibrium model in which energy-transition metals are essential inputs into both ...

Opening remarks by Pierre Wunsch, Governor of the National Bank of Belgium, at the NBB Biennial International Research ...

A satellite account is a set of statistical tables that is consistent with the central framework of the national accounts and ...

The net international investment position has risen to a record high of €391 billion or 60% of GDP. Positive price effects of ...

The Museum of the National Bank of Belgium is delighted to announce its exceptional opening on the night of 17–18 October ...

This working paper was prepared for the National Bank of Belgium’s biennial research conference on “Fiscal-monetary policy interactions in the 21st century”, held on 8–9 October 2026. This paper shows ...

Statistics on household income, consumption and saving reveal the various components of household income (such as wages and salaries, investment income and substitute income), whether households are ...

Firms do not operate in isolation: they buy inputs from suppliers and sell to other firms, and these relationships shape how shocks travel through the economy. Yet comparable evidence on what these ...

Milton Friedman was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences “for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and for his demonstration of the ...